11. RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENT AND PLANT CLOSING COSTS

        As of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, accrued restructuring, impairment and plant closing costs by type of cost and initiative consisted of the following (dollars in millions):

        Details with respect to our reserves for restructuring, impairment and plant closing costs are provided below by segment and initiative (dollars in millions):

        Details with respect to cash and non-cash restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 by initiative are provided below (dollars in millions):

2011 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

        As of December 31, 2011, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $12 million related to workforce reductions in connection with a reorganization of its global structure and relocation of its divisional headquarters from Basel, Switzerland to The Woodlands, Texas. During 2011, our Advanced Materials segment recorded net charges of $20 million primarily related this activity. We expect to incur additional charges of $1 million through December 31, 2012 related to the relocation of our divisional headquarters from Basel, Switzerland to The Woodlands, Texas.

        On September 27, 2011, we announced plans to implement a significant restructuring of our Textile Effects segment, including the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland, as part of an ongoing strategic program aimed at improving the Textile Effects segment's long-term global competitiveness. In connection with this plan during 2011, we recorded a charge of $62 million for workforce reduction, a pension curtailment gain of $38 million and $53 million for the impairment of long-lived assets at our Basel, Switzerland manufacturing facility. For purposes of calculating the impairment charge, the fair value of the Basel, Switzerland manufacturing facility was based on the discounted cash flows of that facility. We expect to incur additional restructuring and plant closing charges of approximately $25 million through 2014. As of December 31, 2011, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $69 million of which $2 million related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $2 million related to workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany, $2 million related to the simplification of the commercial organization and optimization of our distribution network, $15 million related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland, $47 million related to the closure of our production facilities and business support offices in Basel, Switzerland and $1 million related to the consolidation of our North Carolina sites.

        In addition, during 2011, our Textile Effects segment recorded charges of $22 million of which $5 million related to simplification of the commercial organization and optimization of our distribution network, $12 million related to non-workforce reductions incurred for the consolidation of our Switzerland manufacturing facilities, and $4 million related to the consolidation of our North Carolina sites. We reversed charges of $4 million which were no longer required for workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany and the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland.

        As of December 31, 2011, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $3 million primarily related to workforce reductions at our Huelva, Spain and Scarlino, Italy plants. During 2011, our Pigments segment recorded charges of $10 million of which $7 million related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant and $3 million related to workforce reductions at our Umbogintwini, South Africa plant. We expect to incur additional charges of $6 million through December 31, 2013, primarily related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant and workforce reductions at Scarlino, Italy.

        The restructuring reserve related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2011 of $6 million was associated with the closure of our Australian styrenics business. For more information, see "Note 25. Discontinued Operations-Australian Styrenics Business Shutdown."

        As of December 31, 2011, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $1 million primarily related to a reorganization and regional consolidation of our transactional accounting activities. During 2011, we recorded charges of $2 million in Corporate and other primarily related to workforce reductions in connection with this project.

2010 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

        As of December 31, 2010, our Performance Products segment restructuring reserve consisted of $1 million related to workforce reductions in connection with a new Performance Products organizational structure. During 2010, we recorded charges of $2 million related to workforce reductions in connection with this project.

        As of December 31, 2010, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $2 million related to workforce reductions in connection with a reorganization designed to implement a regional management structure. During 2010, we recorded net reversals of $2 million primarily related to workforce reductions in connection to this project.

        As of December 31, 2010, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $25 million of which $2 million related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $1 million related to the streamlining of the textile effects business into two global strategic business units as announced during the fourth quarter of 2008, $3 million related to workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany, and $19 million related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland. During 2010, our Textile Effects segment recorded net charges of $15 million primarily related to the consolidation of manufacturing activities and processes at our site in Basel, Switzerland.

        As of December 31, 2010, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $8 million primarily related to workforce reductions at our Huelva, Spain and Scarlino, Italy plants. During 2010, our Pigments segment recorded net charges of $7 million primarily related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant. We expect to incur additional charges of $8 million through December 31, 2012, primarily related to the closure of our Grimsby, U.K. plant.

        The restructuring reserve related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2010 of $8 million was associated with the closure of our Australian styrenics business. For more information, see "Note 25. Discontinued Operations-Australian Styrenics Business Shutdown."

        As of December 31, 2010, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $5 million primarily related to a reorganization and regional consolidation of our transactional accounting and purchasing activities. During 2010, we recorded net charges of $5 million in Corporate and other primarily related to workforce reductions in connection with these projects.

2009 RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

        As of December 31, 2009, our Polyurethanes segment restructuring reserve consisted of $2 million related to restructuring initiatives at our Rozenburg, The Netherlands site (as announced in 2003).

        As of December 31, 2009, our Advanced Materials segment restructuring reserve consisted of $7 million related to workforce reductions in connection with a reorganization designed to implement a regional management structure. During 2009, we recorded charges of $12 million related to this reorganization project.

        As of December 31, 2009, our Textile Effects segment restructuring reserve consisted of $17 million, of which $5 million related to opening balance sheet liabilities from the Textile Effects Acquisition, $5 million related to the streamlining of the textile effects business into two global strategic business units as announced during the fourth quarter of 2008, and $7 million related to workforce reductions at our production facility in Langweid, Germany. During 2009, we recorded charges of $13 million primarily related to workforce reductions at our Germany production facility. We also reversed accruals of $7 million primarily related to the streamlining of the textile effects business and $5 million related to certain employee termination costs recorded in connection with the Textile Effects Acquisition.

        As of December 31, 2009, our Pigments segment restructuring reserve consisted of $11 million primarily related to workforce reductions at our Huelva, Spain plant. During 2009, we recorded charges of $47 million, of which $29 million primarily related to the closure of our Grimsby plant and $18 million primarily related to workforce reductions at our Huelva, Spain plant. Of the $29 million of charges at our Grimsby plant, $14 million related to contract terminations, $7 million related to workforce reductions and $8 million related to decommissioning. We also recorded non-cash charges of $4 million primarily related to a provision against engineering spare parts at our Grimsby plant.

        As of December 31, 2009, the restructuring reserve associated with discontinued operations of $34 million related to the closure of our former styrenics business in West Footscray, Australia. During 2009, we recorded charges of $63 million in discontinued operations related to the closure of this business, of which $25 million related to workforce reductions, $30 million related to estimated environmental remediation costs and $8 million related to contract termination costs.

        As of December 31, 2009, our Corporate and other segment restructuring reserve consisted of $4 million related to our 2009 fixed cost reduction project announced in the first quarter of 2009. During 2009, we recorded charges of $11 million and non-cash charges of $3 million in Corporate and other related to other aspects of our 2009 fixed cost reduction project.