5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

        We evaluate our investments and transactions to identify variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which we are the primary beneficiary. We hold a variable interest in the following four joint ventures for which we are the primary beneficiary:

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  Rubicon LLC manufactures products for our Polyurethanes and Performance Products segments. The joint venture is structured such that the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit it to finance its activities without additional financial support. Under the Rubicon LLC operating agreement, we are entitled to a majority of the output, absorb a majority of the operating costs and provide a majority of the additional funding.
  
  

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  Pacific Iron Products Sdn Bhd manufactures products for our Pigments segment. In this joint venture, we supply all the raw materials through a fixed cost supply agreement, operate the manufacturing facility and market the products. Under the fixed cost supply agreement, we are exposed to the risks related to the fluctuation of raw material prices.
  
  

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  Arabian Amines Company manufactures ethyleneamines products for our Performance Products segment. Prior to July 1, 2010, this joint venture was accounted for under the equity method. In July 2010, Arabian Amines Company exited the development stage, which triggered its reconsideration as a VIE. As required in the Arabian Amines Company operating agreement, we purchase all of its production and sell it to our customers. Substantially all of the joint venture's activities are conducted on our behalf.
  
  

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  Sasol-Huntsman is our joint venture with Sasol that owns and operates a maleic anhydride facility in Moers, Germany. This joint venture manufactures products for our Performance Products segment. Prior to April 1, 2011, we accounted for Sasol-Huntsman using the equity method. In April 2011, an expansion at this facility began production, which triggered the reconsideration of this joint venture as a VIE. The joint venture uses our technology and expertise, and we bear a disproportionate amount of risk of loss due to a related-party loan to Sasol-Huntsman for which we bear the default risk. As a result, we concluded that we were the primary beneficiary and began consolidating Sasol-Huntsman beginning April 1, 2011.

        Creditors of these VIEs have no recourse to our general credit, except in the event that we offer guarantees of specified indebtedness. As the primary beneficiary, the joint ventures' assets, liabilities and results of operations are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

        The following table summarizes the carrying amount of our variable interest entities' assets and liabilities included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (unaudited), before intercompany eliminations (dollars in millions):

        The following table summarizes the fair value of Sasol-Huntsman's assets and liabilities recorded upon initial consolidation in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (unaudited), before intercompany eliminations (dollars in millions):

        Goodwill of $17 million was recognized upon consolidation of Sasol-Huntsman, of which approximately $12 million is deductible for income tax purposes. The total amount recorded as goodwill decreased by approximately $2 million from the date of consolidation to December 31, 2011 due to a change in the foreign currency exchange rate. The net change to goodwill in response to changes in the foreign currency exchange rates from December 31, 2011 to September 30, 2012 was nil. All intangible assets other than goodwill are being amortized over an average useful life of 18 years.

        If consolidation of Sasol-Huntsman had occurred on January 1, 2011, the approximate pro forma revenues attributable to both our Company and Huntsman International would have been $8,618 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. There would have been no impact to the combined earnings attributable to us or Huntsman International, excluding a one-time noncash gain of approximately $12 million recognized upon consolidation included in other operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (unaudited). Upon consolidation, we also recognized a one-time noncash income tax expense of approximately $2 million. The fair value of the noncontrolling interest was estimated to be $61 million at April 1, 2011. The noncontrolling interest was valued at 50% of the fair value of the net assets as of April 1, 2011, as dictated by the ownership interest percentages, adjusted for certain tax consequences only applicable to one parent.