3. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

SALE OF EUROPEAN SURFACTANTS MANUFACTURING FACILITIES

        On December 30, 2016, our Performance Products segment completed the sale of its European surfactants business to Innospec Inc. for $199 million in cash plus our retention of trade receivables and payables for an enterprise value of $225 million. Under the terms of the transaction, Innospec acquired our manufacturing facilities located in Saint-Mihiel, France; Castiglione delle Stiviere, Italy; and Barcelona, Spain. The purchase price is subject to the finalization of working capital adjustments. We remain committed to our global surfactants business, including in the U.S. and Australia, where our differentiated surfactants businesses are backward integrated into essential feedstocks. Upon closing the transaction, we entered into supply and long-term tolling arrangements with Innospec in order to continue marketing certain core products strategic to our global agrochemicals, lubes and certain other businesses. In connection with this sale, we recognized a pre-tax gain in the fourth quarter of 2016 of $98 million which was reflected in other operating income, net on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

ROCKWOOD ACQUISITION

        On October 1, 2014, we completed the Rockwood Acquisition. We paid $1.02 billion in cash and assumed certain unfunded pension liabilities in connection with the Rockwood Acquisition. The acquisition was financed using a bank term loan. The majority of the acquired businesses have been integrated into our Pigments and Additives segment. Transaction costs charged to expense related to this acquisition were approximately nil, nil and $24 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.

        The following businesses were acquired from Rockwood:

        In connection with securing certain regulatory approvals required to complete the Rockwood Acquisition, we sold our TiO2 TR52 product line used in printing inks to Henan in December 2014. The sale did not include any manufacturing assets but does include an agreement to supply TR52 product to Henan during a transitional period.

        We have accounted for the Rockwood Acquisition using the acquisition method. As such, we analyzed the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The allocation of acquisition cost to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is summarized as follows (dollars in millions):

                                                                                                                                                                                    

        During the second quarter of 2015, we received $18 million related to the settlement of certain purchase price adjustments. As a result of the finalization of the valuation of the assets and liabilities, reallocations were made in certain property, plant and equipment, deferred tax, accrued liability and other long-term liability balances. None of the fair value of this acquisition was allocated to goodwill. Intangible assets acquired consist primarily of developed technology, trademarks and customer relationships, all of which are being amortized over nine years. The noncontrolling interest primarily relates to Viance, a 50%-owned joint venture with Dow Chemical acquired as part of the Rockwood Acquisition. The noncontrolling interest was valued at 50% of the fair value of the net assets of Viance as of October 1, 2014, as dictated by the ownership interest percentages. If the Rockwood Acquisition were to have occurred on January 1, 2014, the following estimated pro forma revenues and net income attributable to Huntsman Corporation and Huntsman International would have been reported (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):

Huntsman Corporation

                                                                                                                                                                                    

Huntsman International