14. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

        We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity pricing risks. From time to time, we enter into transactions, including transactions involving derivative instruments, to manage certain of these exposures. We also hedge our net investment in certain European operations. Changes in the fair value of the hedge in the net investment of certain European operations are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

INTEREST RATE RISKS

        Through our borrowing activities, we are exposed to interest rate risk. Such risk arises due to the structure of our debt portfolio, including the duration of the portfolio and the mix of fixed and floating interest rates. Actions taken to reduce interest rate risk include managing the mix and rate characteristics of various interest bearing liabilities, as well as entering into interest rate derivative instruments.

        From time to time, we may purchase interest rate swaps and/or interest rate collars to reduce the impact of changes in interest rates on our floating-rate long-term debt. Under interest rate swaps, we agree with other parties to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed-rate and floating-rate interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed notional principal amount. The collars entitle us to receive from the counterparties (major banks) the amounts, if any, by which our interest payments on certain of our floating-rate borrowings exceed a certain rate, and require us to pay to the counterparties (major banks) the amount, if any, by which our interest payments on certain of our floating-rate borrowings are less than a certain rate.

        On December 9, 2009, we entered into a five-year interest rate contract to hedge the variability caused by monthly changes in cash flow due to associated changes in LIBOR under our Senior Credit Facilities. The notional value of the contract is $50 million, and it has been designated as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the swap was recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). We will pay a fixed 2.6% on the hedge and receive the one-month LIBOR rate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of the hedge was $1 million and $2 million, respectively, and was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities.

        On January 19, 2010, we entered into an additional five-year interest rate contract to hedge the variability caused by monthly changes in cash flow due to associated changes in LIBOR under our Senior Credit Facilities. The notional value of the contract is $50 million, and it has been designated as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the swap was recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). We will pay a fixed 2.8% on the hedge and receive the one-month LIBOR rate. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of the hedge was $1 million and $3 million, respectively, and was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities.

        On September 1, 2011, we entered into a $50 million forward interest rate contract that will begin in December 2014 with maturity in April 2017 and a $50 million forward interest rate contract that will begin in January 2015 with maturity in April 2017. These two forward contracts are to hedge the variability caused by monthly changes in cash flow due to associated changes in LIBOR under our Senior Credit Facilities once our existing interest rate hedges mature. These swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and the effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the swaps were recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Both interest rate contracts will pay a fixed 2.5% on the hedge and receive the one-month LIBOR rate once the contracts begin in 2014 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the combined fair value of these two hedges was $3 million and $4 million, respectively, and was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities.

        In 2009, Sasol-Huntsman entered into derivative transactions to hedge the variable interest rate associated with its local credit facility. These derivative rate hedges include a floating to fixed interest rate contract providing Sasol-Huntsman with EURIBOR interest payments for a fixed payment of 3.62% and a cap for future periods with a strike price of 3.62%. In connection with the consolidation of Sasol-Huntsman as of April 1, 2011, the interest rate contract is now included in our consolidated results. See "Note 7. Variable Interest Entities." The notional amount of the hedge as of December 31, 2013 was €31 million (approximately $42 million) and the derivative transactions do not qualify for hedge accounting. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of this hedge was €1 million (approximately $1 million) and € 2 million (approximately $3 million), respectively, and was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. For 2013 and 2012, we recorded a reduction of interest expense of € 1 million (approximately $2 million) and less than €1 million (approximately $1 million), respectively, due to changes in the fair value of the swap.

        Beginning in 2009, Arabian Amines Company entered into a 12-year floating to fixed interest rate contract providing for a receipt of LIBOR interest payments for a fixed payment of 5.02%. In connection with the consolidation of Arabian Amines Company as of July 1, 2010, the interest rate contract is now included in our consolidated results. See "Note 7. Variable Interest Entities." The notional amount of the swap as of December 31, 2013 was $32 million, and the interest rate contract is not designated as a cash flow hedge. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of the swap was $4 million and $6 million, respectively, and was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. For 2013 and 2012, we recorded a reduction of interest expense of $2 million and $1 million, respectively, due to changes in fair value of the swap. As of December 31, 2013 Arabian Amines Company was not in compliance with certain financial covenants contained in its loan commitments. For more information, see "Note 13. Debt—Direct and Subsidiary Debt—Variable Interest Entity Debt."

        For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the changes in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) associated with these cash flow hedging activities were approximately $3 million and $(1) million, respectively.

        During 2014, accumulated other comprehensive loss of nil is expected to be reclassified to earnings. The actual amount that will be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months may vary from this amount due to changing market conditions. We would be exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by a counterparty to our derivative financial instruments. We anticipate, however, that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. Market risk arises from changes in interest rates.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE RISK

        Our cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations due to exchange rate variation. Our revenues and expenses are denominated in various currencies. We enter into foreign currency derivative instruments to minimize the short-term impact of movements in foreign currency rates. Where practicable, we generally net multicurrency cash balances among our subsidiaries to help reduce exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. Certain other exposures may be managed from time to time through financial market transactions, principally through the purchase of spot or forward foreign exchange contracts (generally with maturities of three months or less). We do not hedge our currency exposures in a manner that would eliminate the effect of changes in exchange rates on our cash flows and earnings. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had approximately $193 million and $217 million notional amount (in U.S. dollar equivalents) outstanding, respectively, in foreign currency contracts with a term of approximately one month.

        In conjunction with the issuance of our 8.625% senior subordinated notes due 2020, we entered into cross-currency interest rate contracts with three counterparties. On March 17, 2010, we made payments of $350 million to these counterparties and received €255 million from these counterparties, and on maturity (March 15, 2015) we are required to pay €255 million to these counterparties and will receive $350 million from these counterparties. On March 15 and September 15 of each year, we will receive U.S. dollar interest payments of approximately $15 million (equivalent to an annual rate of 8.625%) and make interest payments of approximately €11 million (equivalent to an annual rate of approximately 8.41%). This swap is designated as a hedge of net investment for financial reporting purposes. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of this swap was $2 million and $18 million, respectively, and was recorded in noncurrent assets.

        A portion of our debt is denominated in euros. We also finance certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries with intercompany loans that are, in many cases, denominated in currencies other than the entities' functional currency. We manage the net foreign currency exposure created by this debt through various means, including cross-currency swaps, the designation of certain intercompany loans as permanent loans because they are not expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future and the designation of certain debt and swaps as net investment hedges.

        Foreign currency transaction gains and losses on intercompany loans that are not designated as permanent loans are recorded in earnings. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses on intercompany loans that are designated as permanent loans are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). From time to time, we review such designation of intercompany loans.

        We review our non-U.S. dollar denominated debt and derivative instruments to determine the appropriate amounts designated as hedges. As of December 31, 2013, we have designated approximately €525 million (approximately $725 million) of euro-denominated debt and cross-currency interest rate contracts as a hedge of our net investment. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the amount of gain (loss) recognized on the hedge of our net investment was $(22) million, $(11) million and $5 million, respectively, and was recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately €988 million (approximately $1,364 million) in net euro assets.

COMMODITY PRICES RISK

        Our exposure to changing commodity prices is somewhat limited since the majority of our raw materials are acquired at posted or market related prices, and sales prices for many of our finished products are at market related prices which are largely set on a monthly or quarterly basis in line with industry practice. Consequently, we do not generally hedge our commodity exposures.