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Exhibit 5.3
31 May 2006 |
|
Our Ref: VC/slb/H0257-52294 |
TO THE ADDRESSEES SET OUT IN SCHEDULE 4
Dear Sirs
TIOXIDE AMERICAS INC.
We have been asked to provide this legal opinion to you with regard to the laws of the Cayman Islands in relation to the Documents (as defined in
Schedule 1) being entered into by Tioxide Americas Inc. (the "Company").
For
the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the originals, copies or certified translations of the documents listed in Schedule 1.
In
giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set out in Schedule 2, which we have not independently verified.
We
are Attorneys at Law in the Cayman Islands and express no opinion as to any laws other than the laws of the Cayman Islands in force and as interpreted at the date of this opinion. We
have not, for the purposes of this opinion, made any investigation of the laws, rules or regulations of any other jurisdiction. Except as explicitly stated herein, we express no opinion in relation to
any representation or warranty contained in the Documents nor upon the commercial terms of the transactions contemplated by the Documents.
Based
upon the foregoing examinations and assumptions and upon such searches as we have conducted and having regard to legal considerations which we deem relevant, and subject to the
qualifications set out in Schedule 3, we are of the opinion that under the laws of the Cayman Islands
- 1.
- the
Company is an exempted company duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands;
- 2.
- the
Company has full corporate power, authority and legal right to execute and deliver the Documents to which it is a party and to perform its obligations under the Documents;
- 3.
- the
Documents to which the Company is a party have been duly authorised and executed and, when delivered by the Company, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the
Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms;
- 4.
- the
execution, delivery and performance of the Documents to which the Company is a party, the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby and the compliance by the Company
with the terms and provisions thereof do not
- (a)
- contravene
any law, public rule or regulation of the Cayman Islands applicable to the Company which is currently in force; or
- (b)
- contravene
the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company;
- 5.
- neither
the execution, delivery or performance of any of the Documents to which the Company is a party nor the consummation or performance of any of the transactions contemplated
thereby by the Company, requires the consent or approval of, the giving of notice to, or the registration with, or the taking of any other action in respect of any Cayman Islands governmental or
judicial authority or agency;
- 6.
- the
law chosen in each of the Documents to which the Company is a party to govern its interpretation would be upheld as a valid choice of law in any action on that document in the
courts of the Cayman Islands;
- 7.
- there
are no stamp duties (other than the stamp duties mentioned in qualification 2 in Schedule 3), income taxes, withholdings, levies, registration taxes, or other duties or
similar taxes or charges now imposed, or which under the present laws of the Cayman Islands could in the future become imposed, in connection with the enforcement or admissibility in evidence of the
Documents or on any payment to be made by the Company or any other person pursuant to the Documents. The Cayman Islands currently have no form of income, corporate or capital gains tax and no estate
duty, inheritance tax or gift tax;
- 8.
- none
of the parties to the Documents (other than the Company) is or will be deemed to be resident, domiciled or carrying on business in the Cayman Islands by reason only of the
execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Documents to which any of them is party;
- 9.
- a
judgment obtained in a foreign court will be recognised and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands without any re-examination of the merits
- (a)
- at
common law, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, where the judgment is final and in respect of which the foreign court had
jurisdiction over the defendant according to Cayman Islands conflict of law rules and which is conclusive, for a liquidated sum not in respect of penalties or taxes or a fine or similar fiscal or
revenue obligations, and which was neither obtained in a manner, nor is of a kind enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands; or
- (b)
- by
statute, by registration in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands and execution as if it were a judgment of the Grand Court, where the judgment is a judgment of a superior court of
any state of the Commonwealth of Australia which is final and conclusive for a sum of money not in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine, penalty or revenue
obligation and which remains enforceable by execution in that jurisdiction;
- 10.
- it
is not necessary or advisable under the laws of the Cayman Islands that any of the Documents or any document relating thereto be registered or recorded in any public office or
elsewhere in the Cayman Islands in order to ensure the validity, effectiveness or enforceability of any of the Documents;
- 11.
- it
is not necessary under the laws of the Cayman Islands (a) in order to enable any party to any of the Documents to enforce their rights under the Documents or
(b) solely by reason of the execution, delivery and performance of the Documents that any party to any of the Documents should be licensed, qualified or otherwise entitled to carry on business
in the Cayman Islands or any other political subdivision thereof;
- 12.
- the
Company has executed an effective submission to the jurisdiction of the courts of the jurisdiction specified in the Documents;
- 13.
- the
Company is subject to civil and commercial law with respect to its obligations under the Documents and neither the Company nor any of its assets is entitled to immunity from suit
or enforcement of a judgment on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise in the courts of the Cayman Islands in proceedings against the Company in respect of any obligations under the Documents, which
obligations constitute private and commercial acts rather than governmental or public acts;
- 14.
- based
solely upon our examination of the Cause List and the Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands conducted on 31 May 2006, we
confirm that there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending against the Company before the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands and no steps have been, or are being, taken to compulsorily wind up the
Company and based solely upon our examination of the records of the Company
2
referred
to in this opinion no resolution voluntarily to wind up the Company has been adopted by its members;
- 15.
- a
judgment of a court in the Cayman Islands may be expressed in a currency other than Cayman Islands dollars;
- 16.
- on
a liquidation of the Company, claims against the Company under any of the Documents to which it is party will rank at least pari
passu with the claims of all other unsecured creditors (other than those preferred by law);
- 17.
- in
the event of an insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy or reorganisation affecting the Company, no liquidator, creditor or other person would be able to set aside any disposition of
property effected by the Company pursuant to the Documents;
- 18.
- there
are no foreign exchange controls or foreign exchange regulations under the currently applicable laws of the Cayman Islands.
This
opinion is limited to the matters referred to herein and shall not be construed as extending to any other matter or document not referred to herein. This opinion is given solely for
your benefit and the benefit of your legal advisers acting in that capacity in relation to this transaction and may not be relied upon by any other person without our prior written consent.
We
hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to that certain Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-132984) filed by
Huntsman International LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are included in the category of persons
whose consent is required
under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
This
opinion shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands.
Yours
faithfully
WALKERS
3
SCHEDULE 1
LIST OF DOCUMENTS EXAMINED
- 1.
- The
Certificate of Incorporation, the Memorandum and Articles of Association, the minute book, the Register of Members, Register of Directors and Register of Officers, and the Register
of Mortgages and Charges of the Company as maintained at its registered office in the Cayman Islands and examined by us on 31 May 2006;
- 2.
- the
Cause List and Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands kept at the Clerk of Courts Office, George Town, Grand Cayman as at
9:30 am, Cayman Islands time, on 31 May 2006;
- 3.
- a
Certificate of Good Standing dated 26 May 2006 in respect of the Company issued by the Registrar of Companies;
- 4.
- a
copy of executed written resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated 16 August 2005 (the "Resolutions"); and
- 5.
- a
copy of the executed Documents consisting of the following:
- (a)
- a
Guarantee dated as of December 17, 2004 among Eurofuels LLC, Eurostar Industries LLC, Huntsman EA Holdings LLC, Huntsman Ethyleneamines Ltd., Huntsman International
Financial LLC, Huntsman International Fuels, L.P., Huntsman Propylene Oxide Holdings LLC, Huntsman Propylene Oxide Ltd., Huntsman Texas Holdings LLC, the Company and Tioxide Group in favour of
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee;
- (b)
- an
Indenture (the "Indenture") dated as of December 17, 2004 among (inter alia) Huntsman International LLC, the Company (as a
guarantor) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; and
- (c)
- a
Supplemental Indenture dated as of 16 August, 2005 among (inter alia) Huntsman International LLC, the Company (as a guarantor) and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association.
The
documents listed in paragraphs 5(a) to (c) above inclusive are collectively referred to in this opinion as the
"Documents".
4
SCHEDULE 2
ASSUMPTIONS
This opinion is given based upon the following assumptions:
- 1.
- there
are no provisions of the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands which would be contravened by the execution or delivery of the Documents and, insofar as any
obligation expressed to be incurred under the Documents is to be performed in or is otherwise subject to the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands, its performance will not be illegal by
virtue of the laws of that jurisdiction;
- 2.
- the
Documents are within the capacity, power, and legal right of, and have been or will be duly authorised, executed and delivered by, each of the parties thereto (other than the
Company) and constitute or, when executed and delivered, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of each of the parties thereto enforceable in accordance with their terms as a matter
of the laws of all other relevant jurisdictions (other than the Cayman Islands);
- 3.
- the
choice of the laws of the jurisdiction selected to govern each of the Documents has been made in good faith and will be regarded as a valid and binding selection which will be
upheld in the courts of that jurisdiction and all other relevant jurisdictions (other than the Cayman Islands);
- 4.
- all
authorisations, approvals, consents, licences and exemptions required by, and all filings and other requirements of, each of the parties to the Documents outside the Cayman Islands
to ensure the legality, validity and enforceability of the Documents have been or will be duly obtained, made or fulfilled and are and will remain in full force and effect and any conditions to which
they are subject have been satisfied;
- 5.
- all
conditions precedent, if any, contained in the Documents have been or will be satisfied or waived;
- 6.
- the
Board of Directors of the Company considers the execution of the Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby to be in the best interests of the Company;
- 7.
- no
disposition of property effected by the Documents is made for an improper purpose or wilfully to defeat an obligation owed to a creditor and at an undervalue;
- 8.
- the
Company was on the date of execution of the Documents to which it is a party able to pay its debts as they became due from its own moneys, and any disposition or settlement of
property effected by any of the Documents is made in good faith and for valuable consideration and at the time of each disposition of property by the Company pursuant to the Documents the Company will
be able to pay its debts as they become due from its own moneys;
- 9.
- the
originals of all documents examined in connection with this opinion are authentic, all seals thereon and the signatures and initials thereon of any person authorised to execute the
Documents are genuine, all such documents purporting to be sealed have been so sealed, all copies are complete and conform to their originals, and the Documents conform in every material respect to
the latest drafts of the same produced to us and, where provided in successive drafts, have been marked-up to indicate all changes to such Documents;
- 10.
- the
Memorandum and Articles of Association reviewed by us are the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company in force at the date hereof;
- 11.
- the
copies of the minute book, Register of Members, Register of Directors and Register of Officers, Register of Mortgages and Charges, Certificate of Incorporation, and Memorandum and
Articles of Association of the Company examined by us on 31 May 2006 at its registered office are true and correct copies of the originals of the same and are complete and accurate and constitute a
complete and accurate record of the business transacted by the Company and all matters
5
required
by law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company to be recorded therein are so recorded;
- 12.
- the
Cause List and the Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands examined by us at the Clerk of Courts Office, George Town, Grand Cayman
at 9:30 am, Cayman Islands time, on 31 May 2006, covering the period six years prior to the date of search constitute a complete record of the proceedings before the Grand Court of the Cayman
Islands;
- 13.
- the
meeting of the Board of Directors at which the Resolutions were duly adopted was called and held in accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company; and
- 14.
- None
of the provisions of the TIA (as defined in the Indenture) which are incorporated by reference into the Indenture (and which provision we have not considered) have the effect of
rendering any of our opinions incorrect.
6
SCHEDULE 3
QUALIFICATIONS
This opinion is given subject to the following qualifications:
- 1.
- the
term "enforceable" and its cognates as used in this opinion means that the obligations assumed by the Company under the Documents are of a type which the courts of the Cayman
Islands enforce. This does not mean that those obligations will necessarily be enforced in all circumstances in accordance with their terms. In particular:
- (a)
- enforcement
of obligations and the priority of obligations may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, reorganisation, readjustment of debts or moratorium and other laws of
general application relating to or affecting the rights of creditors or by prescription or lapse of time;
- (b)
- enforcement
may be limited by general principles of equity and, in particular, the availability of certain equitable remedies such as injunction or specific performance of an
obligation may be limited where the court considers damages to be an adequate remedy;
- (c)
- claims
may become barred under statutes of limitation or may be or become subject to defences of set-off, counterclaim, estoppel and similar defences;
- (d)
- where
obligations are to be performed in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands, they may not be enforceable in the Cayman Islands to the extent that performance would be illegal
under the laws of, or contrary to the public policy of, that jurisdiction;
- (e)
- a
judgment of a court of the Cayman Islands may be required to be made in Cayman Islands dollars;
- (f)
- to
the extent that any provision of the Documents is adjudicated to be penal in nature, it will not be enforceable in the courts of the Cayman Islands; in particular, the
enforceability of any provision of the Documents which imposes additional obligations in the event of any breach or default, or of payment or prepayment being made other than on an agreed date, may be
limited to the extent that it is subsequently adjudicated to be penal in nature and not an attempt to make a reasonable pre-estimate of loss;
- (g)
- to
the extent that the performance of any obligation arising under the Documents would be fraudulent or contrary to public policy, it will not be enforceable in the courts of the
Cayman Islands;
- (h)
- a
Cayman Islands court will not necessarily award costs in litigation in accordance with contractual provisions in this regard; and
- (i)
- the
effectiveness of terms in the Documents excusing any party from a liability or duty otherwise owed or indemnifying that party from the consequences of incurring such liability or
breaching such duty shall be construed in accordance with, and shall be limited by, applicable law, including generally applicable rules and principles of common law and equity;
- 2.
- Cayman
Islands stamp duty will be payable if the Documents are executed in, brought to, or produced before a court of the Cayman Islands. Such duty would be nominal except in the case
of
- (a)
- a
debenture or a legal or equitable mortgage or charge of immovable property
- (i)
- where
the sum secured is CI$300,000.00 (US$360,000.00) or less, in which case duty would be 1% of the sum secured; or
- (ii)
- where
the sum secured is more than CI$300,000.00 (US$360,000.00) whether initially or after further advance, in which case duty would be 1.5% of the sum secured; or
7
- (b)
- a
legal or equitable mortgage or charge of movable property (not including a debenture but including a bill of sale) in which case duty would be 1.5% of the sum secured;
PROVIDED
THAT no duty shall be payable where the property is situated outside the Cayman Islands and that in the case of a legal or equitable mortgage or charge granted by an exempted company, an
ordinary non-resident company (as defined in the Companies Law (as amended)) or an exempted trust (as defined in the Trusts Law (as amended)) or a body corporate incorporated outside the
Cayman Islands of movable property situated in the Cayman Islands or over shares in such exempted company or an ordinary non-resident company, the maximum duty payable shall be CI$500.00
(US$600.00); or
- (c)
- any
note evidencing indebtedness, in which case duty of CI$0.25 per CI$100.00 or part thereof of the face value of each note, subject to a maximum of CI$250.00, is payable, unless,
the notes are issued as part of a series by an exempted company or by an ordinary non-resident company (as defined in the Companies Law (as amended)) or by a body corporate incorporated
outside the Cayman Islands, in which case a duty of CI$500.00 in respect of the instrument creating the notes may be paid and thereafter no further stamp duty in respect of such notes is payable;
- 3.
- a
certificate, determination, calculation or designation of any party to the Documents as to any matter provided therein might be held by a Cayman Islands court not to be conclusive,
final and binding, notwithstanding any provision to that effect therein contained, for example if it could be shown to have an unreasonable, arbitrary or improper basis or in the event of manifest
error;
- 4.
- if
any provision of the Documents is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, severance of such provision from the remaining provisions will be subject to the discretion of the
Cayman Islands courts notwithstanding any express provisions in this regard;
- 5.
- in
principle, a person who claims to be entitled pursuant to a contract to recover the legal fees and expenses incurred in enforcing that contract shall be entitled to judgment for the
amount of legal fees and expenses found due under the contract and such amount shall not be subject to taxation pursuant to the applicable rule of court. However, the applicable rule (GCR Order 62,
rule 4(3)) has been in force only since 1 January 2002 and there remains some uncertainty as to the way in which it will be applied in practice;
- 6.
- a
conveyance, mortgage, charge or other security interest granted or made by a company at a time when that company was unable to pay its debts as they fell due, and made or granted in
favour of a creditor with a dominant intention to give that creditor a preference over the other creditors of the company, would be void pursuant to Section 168(1) of the Companies Law (as
amended), if within six months thereof a petition is presented to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the winding-up of such company, or a resolution is passed for the
voluntary winding-up of the company;
- 7.
- under
the Fraudulent Dispositions Law (as amended), any disposition of property made with an intent to defraud (which means an intention by the party disposing of the property to
wilfully defeat an obligation owed to a creditor) and at an undervalue, shall be voidable at the instance of the creditor thereby prejudiced;
- 8.
- we
express no opinion upon the effectiveness of any clause of the Documents providing that the terms of such Document may only be amended in writing;
- 9.
- notwithstanding
any purported date of execution in any of the Documents, the rights and obligations therein contained take effect only on the actual execution and delivery thereof but
the Documents may provide that they have retrospective effect as between the parties thereto alone;
8
- 10.
- the
obligations of the Company may be subject to restrictions pursuant to United Nations sanctions and/or measures adopted by the European Union Council for Common Foreign &
Security Policy (together "Sanctions") extended to the Cayman Islands by the Order of Her Majesty in Council. At this date, Sanctions currently extend
to Cote d'Ivoire, Zimbabwe, Iraq, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Somalia, Rwanda, Afghanistan, the Taliban (an Afghan political faction which calls itself the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan), Burma, the
Sudan, the former Yugoslavia and The Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- 11.
- persons
who are not party to any of the Documents (other than beneficiaries under properly constituted trusts or persons acting pursuant to powers contained in a deed poll) under
Cayman Islands law have no direct rights or obligations under such Documents;
- 12.
- all
powers of attorney granted by the Company in the Documents which by their terms are expressed to be irrevocable are valid and irrevocable only if given to secure a proprietary
interest of the donee of the power or the performance of an obligation owed to the donee. Where a power of attorney granted by the Company is expressed to be irrevocable and is given to secure
(a) a proprietary interest of the donee of the power or (b) the performance of an obligation owed to the donee, then, so long as the donee has that interest or the obligation remains
undischarged, the power shall not be revoked (i) by the donor without the consent of the donee or (ii) by the death, incapacity or bankruptcy of the donor, or if the donor is a body
corporate, by its winding-up or dissolution; and
- 13.
- we
render no opinion as to the specific enforcement as against the Company of covenants granted by the Company to do or to omit to do any action or other matter which is reserved by
applicable law or the Company's constitutional documents to the Company's shareholders or any other person.
9
SCHEDULE 4
ADDRESSEES
- 1.
- Huntsman
International LLC
- 2.
- Stoel
Rives LLP
10
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